Spatial statistics is a branch of statistics that deals with the analysis of data that has a spatial component, meaning it is related to geographical locations or spatial units such as points, lines, polygons, or grids. Spatial statistics involves methods and techniques for analyzing and interpreting spatial patterns, relationships, and variability in data. Some common applications of spatial statistics include mapping, spatial interpolation, cluster analysis, spatial regression, and geostatistics. These techniques are used in a wide range of fields such as geography, environmental science, urban planning, epidemiology, and ecology to study spatial relationships and make informed decisions based on spatial data. Overall, spatial statistics helps researchers and decision-makers understand the spatial characteristics of data, identify patterns and trends, and make predictions or inferences about spatial processes.